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Objective To investigate the current perioperative fasting management by Chinese traumatic surgeons for elective patients and the related awareness in Chinese traumatic surgeons.Methods Traumatic surgeons were interviewed through questionnaires which addressed the current pre-and post-operative fasting time for liquid and solid food in their hospitals,the postoperative practice to keep the patients in recumbent position without pillow,their reasons to choose perioperative fasting management and their knowledge of the current related guidelines.The associations between surgeons' information and their reasons to choose fasting management and their knowledge of the related guidelines were analyzed.Results A total of 187 valid questionnaires were collected.The percentages of the surgeons who indicated perioperative fasting time for liquid for at least 2 hours and for solid food for at least 6 hours were only 3.74％ and 27.27％,respectively.Nil by mouth from midnight for liquid or for solid food was actually indicated by 29.95％ and 31.55％ of the surgeons,respectively.64.71％ of the surgeons still required their patients to fast for liquid for at least 6 hours postoperatively,even longer for solid food.Only 1.6％ of the surgeons did not ask their patients to keep in recumbent position without pillow postoperatively whatever the anesthesia types were.Only 6.95％ of the surgeons chose a perioperative fasting protocol based on the related guidelines.Only 9.09％ of the surgeons knew the related guidelines very well.The reasons of the surgeons to choose a perioperative fasting protocol and the knowledge of the surgeons about the related guidelines were not associated with the professional ranks of the surgeons,hospital ranking or hospital location (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The current management of perioperative fasting is backward in the Chinese communities of traumatic orthopedics,and the related guidelines are not well implemented due to the poor awareness of them.
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Objective:To explore the positive expressions of biological markers human mammaglobin (hMAM) combined with matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (C-erbB2) mRNA in peripheral blood of the breast cancer patients with micrometastases,and to clarify its clinical application value in diagnosis of the micrometastases in peripheral blood of the breast cancer patients.Methods:A total of 74 patients with breast cancer,21 patients with breast fibroadenoma and 10 healthy controls were selected as the subjects.All the patients received surgical treatment and the peripheral blood was collected.The mRNA expression levels of hMAM,MMP-9 and C-erbB2 in peripheral blood were measured by the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.The positive expression rates of detection of hMAM,MMP-9 and C-erbB2 were compared,and the differences in detection of hMAM combined with MMP-9 and C-erbB2 between the patients with different clinicopathologic features were analyzed.Results:In the breast cancer patients with lymph node metastasis,the differences of positive expression rates of MMP-9 and C-erbB2 mRNA were significant (x2=6.450,P＜0.05;x2=5.636,P＜0.05),and the difference of positive expression rate of hMAM mRNA was sigificant between HER-2 positive and negative patients (x2=5.804,P＜0.05).The positive expression rates of individual hMAM and combined with MMP-9 and C-erbB2 were 37.84％ (28/74),59.46％ (44/74) and 48.65％ (36/74) in the breast cancer patients,the combined postive expression rate of these three kinds of markers was 64.86 ％ (48/74),which were higher than those in healthy controls group (x2=5.676,P＜0.05;x2=3.102,P＞0.05;x2=5.339,P＜0.05;x2 =2.310,P＞0.05),fibroadenoma of breast group (x2 =8.438,P＜0.01;x2 =4.491,P＜ 0.05;x2 =7.982,P＜0.01;x2 =4.844,P＜0.05) and non-breast cancer group (healthy controls group+ breast fibroadenoma group) (x2 =13.093,P＜0.01;xx2 =6.471,P＜0.05;x2 =11.837,P＜0.01;x2 =6.103,P＜ 0.05).The positive expression rates of individual hMAM and the joint detection in the breast cancer patients at stage Ⅲ + Ⅳ were higher than those in the patients at stage Ⅰ + Ⅱ;the positive expression rates of individual hMAM and combined with C-erbB2 were statistically significant (x2 =5.157,P＜0.05;x2 =4.912,P＜0.05).Conclusion:hMAM has a low positive rate in the diagnosis of micrometastases in the breast cancer patients,while hMAM combined with MMP-9 and C-erbB2 detection could improve the positive rates.which presents some clinical application value for the early diagnosis of breast cancer micrometastases.
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Objective:To explore the positive expressions of biological markers human mammaglobin (hMAM) combined with matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (C-erbB2) mRNA in peripheral blood of the breast cancer patients with micrometastases,and to clarify its clinical application value in diagnosis of the micrometastases in peripheral blood of the breast cancer patients.Methods:A total of 74 patients with breast cancer,21 patients with breast fibroadenoma and 10 healthy controls were selected as the subjects.All the patients received surgical treatment and the peripheral blood was collected.The mRNA expression levels of hMAM,MMP-9 and C-erbB2 in peripheral blood were measured by the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.The positive expression rates of detection of hMAM,MMP-9 and C-erbB2 were compared,and the differences in detection of hMAM combined with MMP-9 and C-erbB2 between the patients with different clinicopathologic features were analyzed.Results:In the breast cancer patients with lymph node metastasis,the differences of positive expression rates of MMP-9 and C-erbB2 mRNA were significant (x2=6.450,P＜0.05;x2=5.636,P＜0.05),and the difference of positive expression rate of hMAM mRNA was sigificant between HER-2 positive and negative patients (x2=5.804,P＜0.05).The positive expression rates of individual hMAM and combined with MMP-9 and C-erbB2 were 37.84％ (28/74),59.46％ (44/74) and 48.65％ (36/74) in the breast cancer patients,the combined postive expression rate of these three kinds of markers was 64.86 ％ (48/74),which were higher than those in healthy controls group (x2=5.676,P＜0.05;x2=3.102,P＞0.05;x2=5.339,P＜0.05;x2 =2.310,P＞0.05),fibroadenoma of breast group (x2 =8.438,P＜0.01;x2 =4.491,P＜ 0.05;x2 =7.982,P＜0.01;x2 =4.844,P＜0.05) and non-breast cancer group (healthy controls group+ breast fibroadenoma group) (x2 =13.093,P＜0.01;xx2 =6.471,P＜0.05;x2 =11.837,P＜0.01;x2 =6.103,P＜ 0.05).The positive expression rates of individual hMAM and the joint detection in the breast cancer patients at stage Ⅲ + Ⅳ were higher than those in the patients at stage Ⅰ + Ⅱ;the positive expression rates of individual hMAM and combined with C-erbB2 were statistically significant (x2 =5.157,P＜0.05;x2 =4.912,P＜0.05).Conclusion:hMAM has a low positive rate in the diagnosis of micrometastases in the breast cancer patients,while hMAM combined with MMP-9 and C-erbB2 detection could improve the positive rates.which presents some clinical application value for the early diagnosis of breast cancer micrometastases.
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Objective:To investigate the induction of apoptosis by isoalantolactone in human cervical cancer Hela cells is mediated through ROS generation and Mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods: Cells were treated with isoalantolactone in a dose-dependent manner in the presence or absence of NAC for 24 h as the experimental group,and the normal cells were used as control group. Cell viabilities were determined by the MTT assay;the nuclear morphology of Hela cells were observed under fluorescence microscope using the Hoechst 33258 staining;apoptosiscell cycle and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) and mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) were measured by flow cytometry;the protein expression levels of cytochrome C,Bcl-2,Bax and Caspase-3 were detected by Western blot. Results:In the present study,we found that isoalantolactone inhibits growth in a dose-dependent manner in Hela cells. Further studies revealed that Hela cells were treated with 20 and 40 μmol/L isoalantolactone for 24 h,after which we could observe the fragmented nuclei and the increased apoptosis rate. And we also found that isoalantolactone arrested the cell cycle at S phase and increased generation of reactive oxygen species and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (△ψm) in Hela cells. While pretreatment with NAC obviously blocked the apoptotic and inhibition effect of isoalantolactone indicating that induction of apoptosis is ROS-dependent,Western blot study showed that isoalantolactone increased the expression of Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 with concomitant release of cytochrome C from mitochondria into cytosol. Conclusion: Isoalantolactone could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of human cervical cancer Hela cells in vitro through mediating ROS generation and Mi-tochondrial dysfunction, the mechanism of which is also accompanied by up-regulation of Bax expression, down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression,activation of Caspase-3 and release of cytochrome C.
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Objective To study the effect of pioglitazone(PIO) on AdipoR1 and cholesterol ester(CE) in foam cells derived from THP-1-derived macrophages.Methods THP-1-derived macrophages were incubated with increasing concentrations of PIO for 24 hours.After co-cultured with low density lipoprotein(LDL),the accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages was measured by fluorescence spectrophotometric method.The lipid peroxide within cells was detected by TBARS method,the foam cells were observed by oil red staining.AdipoR1 levels were determined by Western blot.Results Compared with the ox-LDL group (0 μmol/L),oil red O-positive cells of the PIO protective groups were greatly reduced.TC,CE,MDA of the PIO protective groups were also obviously decreased.TC (53.6 ± 1.2) μg/mg,CE (30.2 ± 3.6) μg/mg,MDA (3.42 ± 0.06) μg/mg of 5 μμ mol/L PIO group were lower than those of 0μmol/L PIO group[(98.2 ± 3.5),(65.5 ± 6.5),(8.50 ± 1.21)] μg/mg (P ＜ 0.05).TC (25.6 ± 1.8) μg/mg,CE (22.5 ± 4.5) μg/mg,MDA (1.90 ± 0.42) μg/mg of 50 μmol/L PIO group.TC (16.8 ± 2.2) μg/mg,CE(5.9 ± 1.4) μg/mg,MDA (0.65 ± 0.05) μg/mg of 100μmol/L PIO group.Concomitantly,PIO significantly increased AdipoR1 protein expresion,AdipoR1 of 5μmol/L PIO group(0.06±0.05) was higher than that of 0μmol/L PIO group(0.03 ±0.07).AdipoR1 of 50μmol/L PIO group(0.11 ±0.07) was higher than that of 5μmol/L PIO group (0.06 ± 0.05).AdipoR1 of 100 μmol/L PIO group (0.40 ± 0.05) was obviously higher than that of 50 μ mol/L PIO group (0.11 ± 0.07).Conclusion PIO inhibited THP-1-derived formation by up-regulation the expression of AdipoR1,which may play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Objective To detect the serum levels of folate,homocysteine (Hcy)and vitamin B12 in the patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC),and to clarify the clinical significance of folate, Hcy and vitamin B12 in the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of NSCLC.Methods 35 patients with NSCLC were chosen as NSCLC group, and 30 healthy people were selected as control group,excluding hypertension,anemia,family disease history and other related factors.The expression levels of serum folate, Hcy and vitamin B12 were examined by circulating enzymatic method and electrochemical luminescence method.The correlations between the levels of serum folate, Hcy and vitamin B12 of the objects in two groups were analyzed by Pearson test.Results The serum Hcy level of the patients in NSCLC group was significantly higher than that in control group (P 0.05).The serum Hcy level was negatively correlated with folate level (r=-0.505,P =0.002),but was not correlated with vitamin B12 (r =-0.084,P =0.633).The serum folate level was not correlated with vitamin B12 (r=-0.039,P =0.826).Conclusion The serum Hcy level of NSCLC patient is significantly increased and it has diagnostic and prognostic values in the NSCLC patients.
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Objective To evaluate the long-term clinical outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI) with drug-eluting stents ( DES) for distal unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) lesions. Methods Between Jan 2005 and Dec 2009, 111 patients with distal ULMCA disease who underwent drug-eluting stents implantation were enrolled in this retrospective study. The primary end points were major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) at follow-up, including death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular event and target lesion revascularization ( TLR) . Results Patients were 65. 6 ± 10 years old. 21. 6% were diabetic. 31. 5% of the left main bifurcations were classed as Medina 1, 1, 1. Provisional T stent technique was performed for 79. 3% of the population. 30. 6% of cases underwent angiography follow-up. The median follow-up time was 2. 3 years, the MACCE-free survival was 87. 4% and the estimated freedom from TLR was 94. 6% . Diabetes mellitus was identified as the predictor of TLR. Conclusions PCI with DES for distal ULMCA disease was safe and effective when the strategy was made based on the case-by-case assessment.
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Objective To investigate and analyze the usage of expensive outpatient prescriptions in different hospitals in Longgang area,Shenzhen,and to discuss and provide reference for the rational usage of expensive pre-scriptions.Methods Two primary hospitals,two secondary hospitals and one tertiary hospital in the Longgang area, Shenzhen,were chosen as the research targets.The expensive outpatient prescriptions,defined as the amount of pre-scription was over 150,200 and 300 yuan for primary,secondary and tertiary hospital respectively,were randomly selected and evaluated using international standards for the rational use of drugs.Results The average prescription items for primary,secondary and tertiary hospitals were 2.96,2.61 and 2.61.The largest proportions of prescription costs were 150 to 200 yuan,200 to 250 yuan and 300 to 350 yuan,which were respectively accounted for 49.6%, 56.6% and 37.7%.The frequency of using proprietary Chinese medicine,was 60.08%,68.18% and 41.62%respectively,which was not reasonable.The clinical diagnosis for the prescriptions of primary and secondary hospitals was mainly composed of trauma,bronchitis and vaginitis.The usage of drugs was not reasonable about the use of anti-biotics and infusion.In addition,the clinical diagnosis for the prescription of tertiary hospital was mainly diabetes, hypertension and cerebral infarction,where the abuse of using large dose of adjuvant drug was observed.Conclusion The frequency of using proprietary Chinese medicine is higher at all levels of hospital.In order to reduce the propor-tion of expensive prescription,the medicine institution should establish a sound system for drug use management and strengthen supervision and verification for western medicine physicians using proprietary Chinese medicine in their prescription.Furthermore,we should intervene and restrict the abuse usage of the adjuvant medicine.
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In order to carry out the process of the repeated intermittent L-lactic acid fermentation by self-immobilized Rhizopus oryzae, we investigated the effect of medium compositions on the morphology of Rhizopus oryzae. In submerged culture, fungi can be grown as broths of freely suspended mycelia and pellets or clumps, the pellets can be immobilized by themselves. The optimum medium composition for the first patch of fermentation was: 120 g/L glucose, 3 g/L NH4NO3, 0.14 g/L KH2PO4, 0.16 g/L NaH2PO4 (the concentration ratio of K+ and Na+ was 1:1). After 72 h fermentation, the physical form of Rhizopus oryzae was mostly uniform pellet with the diameter of 1.0-2.0 mm, the concentration of L-lactic acid was 100.8 g/L, and the conversion rate of glucose was 84%. During 16 batches of repeated fermentation, the L-lactic acid level was above 60.0 g/L and the conversion rate of glucose was 75%. The fermentation time of every batch was 24 h.
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Cells, Immobilized , Metabolism , Culture Media , Fermentation , Lactic Acid , Rhizopus , MetabolismABSTRACT
The author analyses the chance and challenge of foreign periodicals booking in hospital libraries following China entering WTO and under the network environment,and proposes some effective solutions.